Selasa, 19 Agustus 2014

The Ordering of Determiners

The Ordering of Determiners


Determiners occur before nouns, and they indicate the kind of reference which the nouns have. Depending on their relative position before a noun, we distinguish three classes of determiners. 
 
 
 
Predeterminer
Central Determiner
Postdeterminer
Noun
I met
all
my
many
friends
  A sentence like this is somewhat unusual, because it is rare for all three determiner slots to be filled in the same sentence. Generally, only one or two slots are filled.
 

Predeterminers

Predeterminers specify quantity in the noun which follows them, and they are of three major types: 1. "Multiplying" expressions, including expressions ending in times: 

    twice my salary 
    double my salary 
    ten times my salary
2. Fractions 
 
    half my salary 
    one-third my salary
3. The words all and both: 
 
    all my salary 
    both my salaries
 Predeterminers do not normally co-occur: 
 
    *all half my salary
  

Central Determiners

The definite article the and the indefinite article a/an are the most common central determiners: 
 
    all the book 
    half a chapter
As many of our previous examples show, the word my can also occupy the central determiner slot. This is equally true of the other possessives: 
 
    all your money 
    all his/her money 
    all our money 
    all their money
The demonstratives, too, are central determiners: 
 
    all these problems 
    twice that size 
    four times this amount
  

Postdeterminers

Cardinal and ordinal numerals occupy the postdeterminer slot: 
 
    the two children 
    his fourth birthday
 This applies also to general ordinals: 
 
    my next project 
    our last meeting 
    your previous remark 
    her subsequent letter
Other quantifying expressions are also postdeterminers: 
 
    my many friends 
    our several achievements 
    the few friends that I have
Unlike predeterminers, postdeterminers can co-occur: 
 
    my next two projects 
    several other people

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